Uxmal, Mayan Yucatán, Mexico

Uxmal, Mayan Yucatán, Mexico

Photography by Bill Bell

Uxmal (Yucatec Maya: Óoxmáal), pronounced “Oosh-mahl,” is a large pre-Columbian ruined city of the Maya civilization located in the state of Yucatán, Mexico. The name “Uxmal” is believed to mean “Built Three Times,” although this derivation is debated among scholars. The site is situated 78 km south of Mérida and 110 km from Mérida on Highway 261 towards Campeche, 15 km south-southeast of the town of Muna.

What Makes Uxmal Different

Uxmal stands out due to its unique architectural style, known as Puuc, characterized by smooth low walls that open into ornate friezes. These friezes typically depict geometric patterns and intricate stone mosaics, often featuring representations of the rain god Chaac. Unlike other Maya cities, Uxmal’s structures were built with a focus on horizontal rather than vertical lines, giving the site a distinctive appearance.

History and Stories

Ancient History

While extensive restoration work has been conducted at Uxmal, detailed archaeological excavation and research are limited. As a result, the exact dates of the city’s occupation remain uncertain. It is estimated that most of the architecture visible today was constructed between 700 and 1100 A.D. The population of Uxmal is roughly estimated at around 25,000, though this number is subject to change with further data.

Founding and Rule

According to Maya chronicles, Uxmal was founded around 500 A.D. by Hun Uitzil Chac Tutul Xiu. The Xiu family ruled Uxmal for generations, making it the most powerful site in western Yucatán. In alliance with Chichen Itza, Uxmal dominated the northern Maya area for a significant period. However, after 1200 A.D., no new major constructions were undertaken, possibly due to the fall of Chichen Itza and the rise of Mayapan. The Xiu eventually moved their capital to Maní, leading to Uxmal’s decline in population and prominence.

Post-Conquest

Following the Spanish conquest of Yucatán, the Xiu family allied with the Spanish. Early colonial documents indicate that Uxmal remained an inhabited and significant place into the 1550s. However, no Spanish town was established at the site, and Uxmal was largely abandoned soon after.

Visiting Uxmal

Key Structures

• Pyramid of the Magician: The tallest structure in Uxmal, notable for its rounded sides and steepness, which make it unique among Maya pyramids.
• Nunnery Quadrangle: A complex of buildings showcasing intricate Puuc-style mosaics and carvings.
• Governor’s Palace: A long, low building with a richly decorated facade, considered one of the best examples of Puuc architecture.
• House of the Turtles: Named for the turtle carvings that encircle the building, symbolizing longevity and the Maya calendar.
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Photography Tips

• Lighting: Early morning or late afternoon provides the best natural light for capturing the intricate details of the carvings and friezes.
• Equipment: A good camera with a zoom lens is recommended to capture the fine details of the mosaics and expansive views of the site.
• Tripods: Some archaeological sites, including Uxmal, may have restrictions or extra fees for using a tripod. It’s best to check in advance and be prepared to work without one if necessary.

Getting There by Car

Directions

• From Mérida: Drive south on Highway 261 towards Campeche. The route is well-marked and straightforward.
• Safety Precautions:
  • Road Conditions: Roads are generally in good condition, but always be alert for pedestrians and cyclists.
  • Security: Uxmal is a safe area, but it’s wise to keep valuables out of sight and ensure your vehicle is locked.
  • Parking: There is a designated parking area at the site.
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Conclusion

Uxmal is a must-visit destination for those interested in Maya history and architecture. Its unique Puuc style, well-preserved structures, and rich historical narrative offer a captivating experience. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or a casual traveler, Uxmal provides a serene and insightful journey into the ancient Maya civilization.

Uxmal  Mayan Yucatan Mexico