Cholula, Puebla

Cholula, Puebla: Exploring the Ancient Heart of Mexico

Photographs by Bill and Dot Bell

Nestled in the state of Puebla, Cholula is a city that offers a rich blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. At its heart lies one of the most impressive archaeological marvels in the world: the Great Pyramid of Cholula, known to the ancient Nahuatl-speaking people as Tlachihualtepetl, or “artificial mountain.” This immense pyramid, the largest in terms of volume in the New World, has long been a center of spiritual and cultural significance.

A Glimpse into History

The Great Pyramid of Cholula is a structure of extraordinary proportions. Standing 55 meters (180 feet) high, its base measures an astounding 400 by 400 meters (1,300 by 1,300 feet), dwarfing even Egypt’s famous Great Pyramid of Giza in size. Construction began around the 3rd century BCE, and over the centuries, different civilizations added layers to the structure, giving it a multi-faceted history that reflects the region’s rich cultural heritage. The pyramid was a sacred site for the pre-Hispanic civilizations that inhabited the area, with various temples and altars built atop it to honor the gods.

Cholula was also one of the most important cities in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, serving as a major trade and religious center. By the time the Spanish arrived in the 16th century, the pyramid had already been abandoned, its surface covered in grass and dirt, leading the Spanish to build the beautiful Church of Nuestra Señora de los Remedios on top of it—creating a striking visual of ancient and colonial history combined.

What to Expect

Visitors to Cholula are treated to a fascinating journey through time. Exploring the Great Pyramid complex is an awe-inspiring experience, as it offers a chance to walk through ancient tunnels beneath the pyramid, showcasing the multiple construction phases of the monument. The site also features a museum that houses artifacts from the region, providing further insight into the various cultures that thrived here.

The view from the top of the pyramid, where the Church of Nuestra Señora de los Remedios stands, is equally breathtaking. On clear days, you can see the majestic Popocatépetl volcano in the distance, rising dramatically above the plains of Puebla. This unique vantage point offers a perfect contrast between the ancient world and the modern city of Cholula spread out below.

Beyond the pyramid, Cholula’s charming streets are filled with vibrant markets, colorful murals, and colonial-era churches. The city is known for its lively atmosphere, with plenty of restaurants serving traditional Pueblan cuisine, including the famous mole poblano.

Importance of Safety Precautions

While visiting Cholula, it’s essential to take some basic safety precautions, especially when exploring the pyramid site. The tunnels inside the pyramid can be narrow and dimly lit, so watch your step, wear comfortable shoes, and carry a flashlight if possible. Be mindful of the high altitude as well, especially if you plan on climbing to the top of the pyramid for those stunning panoramic views.

As with any tourist destination in Mexico, it’s a good idea to stay aware of your surroundings and secure your belongings in crowded areas like markets or public squares. Cholula is generally safe for tourists, but exercising common sense will help ensure a smooth and enjoyable visit.

Final Thoughts

Cholula is not just an archaeological site; it’s a living city that beautifully blends Mexico’s pre-Hispanic and colonial past with its vibrant present. The Great Pyramid of Cholula offers visitors a chance to connect with ancient history while taking in the beauty of the surrounding landscapes and the cultural richness of Puebla. Whether you’re an archaeology enthusiast or simply a traveler in search of Mexico’s hidden wonders, Cholula is a destination that should not be missed.