Chichén Itzá, Quintana Roo, Mexico – Mayan Ruins

Chichén Itzá, Quintana Roo, Mexico – Mayan Ruins

Photography by Bill Bell

 Chichén Itzá was a major regional focal point in the northern Maya lowlands from the Late Classic through the Terminal Classic and into the early portion of the Early Postclassic period. The site exhibits a multitude of architectural styles, from what is called “Mexicanized” and reminiscent of styles seen in central Mexico to the Puuc style found among the Puuc Maya of the northern lowlands. The presence of central Mexican styles was once thought to have been representative of direct migration or even conquest from central Mexico, but most contemporary interpretations view these non-Maya styles as the result of cultural diffusion.

The ruins of Chichén Itzá are federal property, and the site’s stewardship is maintained by Mexico’s Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH). The land under the monuments, however, is privately owned by the Barbachano family.

Location: Chichén Itzá is located in the state of Yucatán, approximately 120 kilometers (75 miles) east of Mérida.

How to Get There:

• By Car: From Mérida, take Highway 180 east towards Chichén Itzá. The drive takes about 1.5 to 2 hours. There is a large parking area at the entrance of the site.

Weather: The region experiences a tropical climate with hot temperatures year-round. The average temperature ranges from 25°C to 30°C (77°F to 86°F). The dry season is from November to April, and the wet season is from May to October.

Best Time to Visit:

• To Avoid Crowds: The best time to visit Chichén Itzá to avoid the crowds is early in the morning right when the site opens at 8:00 AM, or late in the afternoon a few hours before closing at 5:00 PM. Additionally, visiting during the off-season months of May, June, September, and October can help you avoid the peak tourist season. Weekdays are generally less crowded compared to weekends.
• Special Events: If you are interested in cultural events, consider visiting during the spring or fall equinox (March 21 and September 21), when the shadow of the serpent appears on the steps of El Castillo pyramid. However, be prepared for larger crowds during these times.

  

Key Structures:

• El Castillo (Temple of Kukulcán): This iconic pyramid stands at the center of Chichén Itzá. It is dedicated to the feathered serpent god, Kukulcán. During the equinoxes, a shadow in the shape of a serpent appears on the pyramid’s steps, creating a stunning visual effect.
• Temple of the Warriors: This structure is known for its impressive rows of carved columns, each depicting a warrior. It is believed to have been used for important ceremonies and gatherings.
• Great Ball Court: The largest and most impressive of its kind in Mesoamerica, the Great Ball Court is where the Maya played their ceremonial ballgame. The court is flanked by high walls adorned with detailed carvings.
• The Observatory (El Caracol): Named for its spiral staircase, this round building is believed to have been used by the Maya as an astronomical observatory. Its unique construction allowed for precise observations of celestial events.
• The Nunnery (Las Monjas): This complex of buildings features intricate stone carvings and is thought to have served administrative and possibly residential purposes.
• Cenote Sagrado (Sacred Cenote): This natural sinkhole was a site of pilgrimage and sacrifice for the Maya. Artifacts and human remains have been found in its depths, indicating its importance in religious rituals.

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Safety Precautions:

• Sun Protection: Bring a hat, sunscreen, and sunglasses as the site can be very hot and sunny.
• Hydration: Carry plenty of water to stay hydrated.
• Footwear: Wear comfortable walking shoes suitable for uneven terrain.
• Guided Tours: Consider hiring a local guide for a more informative visit and to ensure you stay on safe and marked paths.
• Personal Belongings: Keep an eye on your belongings and avoid leaving valuables in your car.
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Vendors: Chichén Itzá is known for its numerous vendors selling souvenirs, handmade crafts, and local goods. The presence of these vendors is due to several reasons:

• Tourism: Chichén Itzá is one of the most visited archaeological sites in Mexico, attracting millions of tourists each year. The high volume of visitors creates a market for local artisans and vendors to sell their products.
• Economic Opportunities: For many locals, selling goods at Chichén Itzá is a vital source of income. The site provides an opportunity for them to reach a large number of potential buyers.
• Cultural Exchange: The vendors often sell items that reflect the rich cultural heritage of the Maya people, allowing tourists to take home a piece of this history. Items such as replicas of ancient artifacts, traditional clothing, and handcrafted jewelry are common.

Climbing Restrictions: Visitors are no longer allowed to climb on the structures at Chichén Itzá, including the iconic El Castillo pyramid, for several important reasons:

• Preservation: The ancient structures are fragile and continuous climbing by tourists can cause significant wear and tear, leading to irreversible damage.
• Safety: The steps of the pyramids and other structures are steep and can be dangerous, posing a risk of falls and injuries to visitors.
• Respect for Heritage: Climbing the structures is considered disrespectful to the cultural and historical significance of the site. By prohibiting climbing, the authorities aim to maintain the dignity and sanctity of these ancient monuments.

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Enjoy exploring the rich history and stunning architecture of Chichén Itzá, and remember to stay safe while you marvel at one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world!