Día de la Constitución (Day of the Constitution)
Overview
Día de la Constitución celebrates the signing of the Mexican Constitution on February 5, 1917, which marked a significant milestone after the Mexican Revolution. The holiday takes place on the first Monday of February each year and is often celebrated with parades, marching bands, and colorful costumes. It’s one of the most important patriotic holidays in Mexico.
On this day, businesses, schools, and government offices are generally closed, though many restaurants and retail stores remain open.
The long weekend offers a chance for people to relax and spend quality time with family and friends.
Historical Context
The Mexican Constitution of 1917—also known as the “Mexican Carta Magna”—was the foundation of Mexico’s new era as a democratic nation. It was adopted by the Constitutional Congress in Querétaro on February 5, 1917, and was heavily influenced by the leaders of the Mexican Revolution, such as Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, and Francisco I. Madero.
Venustiano Carranza was the first president under the new constitution.
Key Features of the Mexican Constitution
Supreme Law: The Constitution is the highest legal authority in Mexico.- Separation of Powers: It defines the roles and limits of the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches, as well as the relationship between federal, state, and municipal governments.
- Agrarian Reform: Aimed at distributing land to farmers and ensuring they have legal ownership of their land.
- Land Ownership Rules: Foreigners cannot own land within 100 kilometers of the border or 50 kilometers of the coast.
- Right to Education: Every person is guaranteed the right to an education.
- No Re-election for President: The President cannot be re-elected, ensuring political turnover.
- No Vice-President: There is no position of vice-president in the Mexican government.
- Autonomy for the Justice System: The judiciary has greater independence.
- Freedom of Religion: People are free to practice their religion without interference.
- Free and Mandatory Education: Education is free and compulsory until the age of 14.
- Freedom of Speech: Citizens have the right to freely express their opinions.
- Labor Rights (Article 123): Ensures the right to fair wages and a decent job.
- Housing and Health Rights: The Constitution guarantees access to decent housing and healthcare.
- Workers’ Rights: Establishes an 8-hour workday and the right to form labor unions.
The Día de la Constitución is not only a time to reflect on Mexico’s rich history, but also to honor the ongoing values of democracy, equality, and social justice set forth by the 1917 Constitution.
